Canada is a desirable destination for many Nigerians due to its high standard of living, strong economy, and numerous opportunities for education and employment. For those who have lived in Canada for an extended period and meet the requirements, acquiring Canadian citizenship is a major milestone. Fortunately, Nigeria allows dual citizenship, meaning Nigerians do not have to renounce their Nigerian citizenship when becoming Canadian citizens.
This guide will provide a step-by-step process on how Nigerians can apply for Canadian dual citizenship, including eligibility criteria, application procedures, and benefits of holding both passports.
Understanding Dual Citizenship in Canada and Nigeria
What is Dual Citizenship?
Dual citizenship allows an individual to hold legal nationality in two countries simultaneously. As a dual citizen of Canada and Nigeria, you will enjoy the benefits and privileges of both nations, such as unrestricted entry and residence, voting rights, and access to government services.
Does Canada Allow Dual Citizenship?
Yes. Canada permits dual or multiple citizenships, meaning you do not have to renounce your Nigerian citizenship when acquiring Canadian nationality.
Does Nigeria Allow Dual Citizenship?
Yes, but with restrictions. According to Section 28 of the Nigerian Constitution (1999), Nigerians by birth can hold dual citizenship. However, those who obtain Nigerian citizenship through naturalization must renounce their previous nationality.
Eligibility for Canadian Citizenship as a Nigerian
To apply for Canadian citizenship, Nigerian applicants must meet the following requirements:
1. Permanent Resident (PR) Status
Before applying for citizenship, you must have permanent resident (PR) status in Canada. PR status must be valid and not under review for fraud or revocation.
2. Physical Presence Requirement
You must have lived in Canada for at least 1,095 days (3 years) out of the last 5 years before applying for citizenship.
3. Tax Filing Requirement
Applicants must have filed Canadian taxes for at least 3 years within the qualifying period.
4. Language Proficiency (English or French)
Applicants aged 18-54 must demonstrate proficiency in English or French by providing test results from recognized institutions such as:
- IELTS (International English Language Testing System)
- TEF (Test d’Évaluation de Français)
5. Pass the Canadian Citizenship Test
Applicants between 18-54 years old must take the Canadian Citizenship Test, which assesses knowledge of:
- Canadian history
- Geography
- Government and laws
- Rights and responsibilities of citizenship
6. Good Moral Character
Applicants should not have a serious criminal record or ongoing legal issues that could impact their eligibility.
Step-by-Step Guide to Applying for Canadian Citizenship as a Nigerian
Step 1: Gather Required Documents
Before applying, ensure you have the following documents:
- Permanent Resident (PR) card or record of landing
- Proof of residency (travel history and tax returns)
- Language test results (if applicable)
- Identification documents (passport, birth certificate)
- Proof of government fees payment
Step 2: Complete the Canadian Citizenship Application Form
Visit the official Immigration, Refugees, and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) website (www.canada.ca) to download and complete the citizenship application form (CIT 0002).
Step 3: Pay the Application Fee
The application fees as of 2024 are:
- Adult (18 and older): CAD 630
- Minor (under 18): CAD 100
Payments must be made online through the IRCC payment portal.
Step 4: Submit the Application
Once completed, mail your application to the IRCC processing center. You will receive an acknowledgment letter once the application is received.
Step 5: Take the Citizenship Test (if applicable)
Eligible applicants must take the Canadian Citizenship Test, which is available online or in-person.
Step 6: Attend the Citizenship Ceremony
If approved, you will receive an invitation to a citizenship ceremony where you will take the Oath of Citizenship and receive a Canadian Citizenship Certificate.
Benefits of Holding Canadian Dual Citizenship
1. Unrestricted Travel
Canadian passport holders can travel visa-free or with visa-on-arrival to over 185 countries, making it one of the most powerful passports in the world.
2. Right to Vote and Political Participation
As a Canadian citizen, you can vote in federal, provincial, and municipal elections and even run for political office.
3. Access to Healthcare and Social Benefits
Citizens receive free healthcare through Canada’s public healthcare system and access to benefits such as Canada Pension Plan (CPP) and Employment Insurance (EI).
4. No Need to Renew PR Card
Unlike Permanent Residents, citizens do not need to renew PR cards or maintain residency requirements.
5. Eligibility for Government Jobs
Canadian citizens can apply for high-security government jobs that require Canadian nationality.
Challenges and Considerations of Dual Citizenship
While holding dual citizenship has many benefits, applicants should be aware of some challenges:
1. Taxation Requirements
Canada requires citizens to file annual tax returns, even if they live abroad.
2. Military Service in Nigeria
Under Nigerian law, male citizens aged 18-30 may be required to serve in the National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) unless exempted.
3. Travel Restrictions
While holding two passports is advantageous, always check each country’s travel regulations before departing.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. How long does it take to get Canadian citizenship after applying?
Processing times vary, but typically, it takes between 12 to 24 months from the time of submission to the citizenship ceremony.
2. Can I apply for Canadian citizenship if I have dual nationality?
Yes, Canada allows dual citizenship, and Nigerians by birth do not have to renounce their Nigerian nationality.
3. Do I need to live in Canada after obtaining citizenship?
No, unlike Permanent Residency, Canadian citizens can live anywhere without losing their citizenship status.
4. Can my children become Canadian citizens if I obtain citizenship?
Yes, children of Canadian citizens can apply for citizenship by descent, provided they were born after their parent obtained citizenship.
5. What happens if my citizenship application is denied?
If denied, you will receive a refusal letter explaining the reasons. You may appeal the decision or reapply after addressing the concerns.
Conclusion
Applying for Canadian dual citizenship as a Nigerian is a life-changing opportunity that offers many benefits, including global mobility, career growth, and security. While the process requires commitment and proper documentation, it is a rewarding step towards securing a brighter future in Canada. By following the outlined steps and ensuring compliance with both Canadian and Nigerian laws, applicants can successfully navigate the citizenship process and enjoy the privileges of being a dual citizen.
For the latest updates, always refer to the official IRCC website and consult with immigration professionals if needed.
