When most people think of Canadian immigration, they assume a single, unified process managed by the federal government. However, Quebec stands apart. As Canada’s only majority French-speaking province, Quebec operates under its own immigration system, with unique programs, selection criteria, and processes.
This comprehensive guide explores Quebec’s immigration structure in 2025, explaining why it’s distinct, how it operates, and what aspiring immigrants need to know to succeed. Whether you’re a skilled worker, student, entrepreneur, or refugee claimant, understanding Quebec’s system is essential for navigating your path to permanent residency or temporary stay.
Why Quebec Has a Separate Immigration System
Quebec’s unique status is rooted in its desire to preserve its Francophone identity, culture, and language. In 1991, the federal government signed the Canada-Quebec Accord, granting the province authority to select immigrants who wish to settle there, particularly in the economic categories (e.g., skilled workers, business immigrants).
Key Highlights of the Canada-Quebec Accord:
- Quebec selects its own economic immigrants, including skilled workers and investors.
- The federal government handles admissibility, including security, medical, and criminal checks.
- Quebec provides settlement services to immigrants within its jurisdiction.
For the official text of the Accord: Canada-Quebec Accord
Quebec’s Immigration Categories
Quebec operates several immigration streams, broadly divided into temporary and permanent immigration programs. Each has its own rules, eligibility criteria, and selection processes.
1. Regular Skilled Worker Program (RSWP)
The RSWP is Quebec’s primary program for selecting economic immigrants.
Eligibility Criteria:
- Age
- Education level
- Work experience
- Knowledge of French (strongly prioritized)
- Job offer in Quebec (optional but beneficial)
- Spouse’s profile
Selection Grid: Quebec uses a points-based system similar to the federal Express Entry system, but with its own scoring grid. Applicants must pass both the cut-off score and the passing score.
Key Resource: RSWP Overview
Language Requirement: French proficiency is critical. While English may be accepted in other provinces, Quebec expects at least B2 level in speaking and listening (per CEFR scale) for most economic programs.
2. Quebec Experience Program (PEQ)
Ideal for:
- International students who graduated from a recognized Quebec institution
- Temporary foreign workers who have worked in Quebec for a set period
PEQ Eligibility for Students:
- Must have completed an eligible diploma (DEP, DEC, or university degree)
- Demonstrate advanced intermediate French (B2)
PEQ Eligibility for Workers:
- Minimum 12 months of full-time work experience in a skilled occupation (NOC 0, A, B)
- Legal work permit at the time of application
Processing Time: As of 2025, average PEQ processing time is 6 months.
Link: PEQ Program
3. Business Immigration
Quebec has three main business immigration streams:
- Entrepreneur Program
- Investor Program (suspended until 2026)
- Self-Employed Worker Program
Entrepreneur Program Requirements:
- Submit a business plan for a new or acquired business in Quebec
- Have a net worth of at least $900,000 CAD (2025 update)
- Invest and actively manage the business
Self-Employed Requirements:
- Minimum net assets of $100,000 CAD
- 2+ years of experience in the proposed trade or profession
More info: Quebec Business Immigration
4. Temporary Immigration
Foreign nationals may come to Quebec as:
- Temporary workers (via Labour Market Impact Assessment or LMIA-exempt programs)
- International students (study permit and CAQ required)
Certificat d’acceptation du Québec (CAQ)
The CAQ is mandatory for:
- Temporary foreign workers
- International students
Apply here: CAQ Portal
The Selection Process: How It Differs from Express Entry
Unlike the federal Express Entry system, Quebec’s immigration process is not connected to the Comprehensive Ranking System (CRS). Quebec has its own platform called Arrima, launched in 2018.
Arrima Portal
- Candidates submit an expression of interest (EOI)
- Quebec issues invitations to apply based on needs and labor shortages
- Candidates submit a full application once invited
Latest updates: Arrima Portal
Key Language Requirements
Language is a cornerstone of Quebec’s selection system.
Accepted Proof of French Language Skills:
- TEF (Test d’Évaluation de Français)
- TCF (Test de connaissance du français)
- DELF/DALF
- Diplomas from recognized French institutions in Quebec
Minimum Level: B2 in oral comprehension and production for most programs
Note: Submitting fraudulent results may result in a 5-year ban from reapplying.
Integration Support for Newcomers
Quebec offers robust support for immigrant integration, including:
- Free French language courses (in-person and online)
- Job matching services through Emploi-Québec
- Settlement support from non-profits and government
- Schooling support for children of immigrants
Useful portal: Immigration Services in Quebec
Special Considerations
1. Refugees and Protected Persons
Refugees can claim asylum in Quebec, but the federal government determines refugee status. Quebec only handles settlement.
More info: IRCC Refugees
2. Family Sponsorship
Quebec has additional sponsorship undertakings beyond federal forms. Sponsors in Quebec must sign a financial undertaking with provincial authorities.
Learn more: Quebec Sponsorship Undertaking
Common Challenges and How to Overcome Them
- French proficiency: Start learning early using platforms like TV5MONDE
- Lengthy processing times: Submit complete applications and track status via official portals
- Credential recognition: Use Comparaison des diplômes to verify foreign degree equivalence
- Finding Quebec-based jobs: Use Emploi-Québec and specialized recruitment events for newcomers
Real-Time Immigration Statistics (2025)
As of Q2 2025 (according to Immigration, Francisation et Intégration):
- Quebec aims to welcome 56,500 immigrants in 2025
- Over 70% are in the economic class
- Target includes 34,500 skilled workers, 4,000 business immigrants, and 8,000 PEQ applicants
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. Can I immigrate to Quebec without knowing French?
While it’s technically possible to apply without strong French skills, most of Quebec’s economic immigration programs require at least a B2 level in spoken French. French is essential for integration, job opportunities, and even daily life. Exceptions are rare, and English-only applicants may struggle to qualify or succeed long-term.
2. Is Arrima the same as Express Entry?
No. Arrima is Quebec’s standalone immigration platform and is not linked to Canada’s federal Express Entry system. If you apply through Arrima, you are applying to Quebec’s immigration system, which has different selection criteria and processes. More info: Quebec’s Arrima Portal
3. Do I still need federal approval after getting selected by Quebec?
Yes. Even after receiving a Certificat de sélection du Québec (CSQ), applicants must apply to Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) for permanent residence. The federal government handles medical, security, and criminal admissibility checks.
4. How long does Quebec’s immigration process take in 2025?
Processing times vary by program:
-
PEQ: ~6 months (after submission)
-
RSWP via Arrima: 12–18 months
-
Business immigration: Can exceed 24 months
Always check current timelines at Quebec Immigration Processing Times
5. Can I move to another province after immigrating to Quebec?
Quebec immigrants are expected to live and work in Quebec, especially after signing a CSQ application affirming this intention. While Canadian permanent residents can technically move anywhere in Canada, doing so shortly after landing in Quebec may raise legal and ethical concerns, especially for future citizenship applications.
Final Thoughts: Should You Choose Quebec?
Quebec is an excellent choice for Francophone or bilingual applicants seeking a culturally rich, economically diverse province. However, those unwilling to learn French or adapt to distinct provincial regulations may face hurdles.
Key Benefits:
- Affordable tuition for international students
- Thriving tech and healthcare sectors
- Generous family support policies (e.g., subsidized childcare)
Drawbacks:
- French is mandatory
- Slower processing compared to Express Entry
Conclusion
Navigating Quebec’s immigration system can seem daunting due to its distinct rules, language requirements, and selection criteria. But for those prepared to embrace the Francophone culture and invest in integration, Quebec offers unique opportunities in one of Canada’s most vibrant provinces.
Aspiring immigrants should carefully review eligibility requirements, leverage available resources, and apply via official portals like Arrima and Quebec Immigration.
